Summary: Psychology

Read the summary and the most important questions on Psychology

• 1 Psychology

• 1.1 Social Influence Lesson 1

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• What are social norms and provide examples?

  • Social norms: What society deems as normal.
  • Examples:
    • Queueing
    • Accent
    • Cultural and Religion: Giving up seat for elderly.

• Describe informational social influence and its component.

  • Informational social influence involves Internalisation:
    • Deepest conformity level
    • Change is public and private
    • Continue beliefs without group
    • Long-lasting

• How do Asch and Zimbardo support social influence theories?

  • Asch: People chose wrong to fit in.
  • Zimbardo: Prisoners/guards conformed to social roles.

• What is one strength of internalization?

  It has research support. Bickman et al. (2004) told a group of students that most students washed hands. Later, these students washed hands more, showing internalization.

• What is one strength for informational social influence (ISI)?

  Lucas et al. (2004) found participants conformed more to correct answers in math problems when they were difficult, showing ISI's influence.

• What is one limitation of normative social influence (NSI)?

  McGhee & Teevan found students who were more affiliative were more likely to conform, indicating individual differences as a limitation.

• 1.2 Social Influence Lesson 2

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• What did Asch's line study demonstrate about conformity?

  • Participants conformed to incorrect answers 75% of the time.
  • Demonstrates normative social influence (NSI).
  • Aim: Avoid rejection by majority to fit in.

• What was the basic setup of Asch's study?

  • Objective: Investigate pressure group effects on conformity.
  • Controlled environment with one naïve participant.
  • Confederates gave incorrect answers deliberately.
  • Evaluated conformity by comparing line lengths.

• How did variations in group size affect conformity in Asch's study?

  • With three confederates, conformity to wrong answers was 31.8%.
  • Increasing confederates beyond three made no significant difference.

• What impact did unanimity have in variations of Asch’s study?

  • Adding a dissenter who disagreed reduced naïve participant conformity.
  • Conformity dropped to 25% when a confederate dissented.