Mitochondrial toxicity and autophagy - Pertubation by xenobiotics - Uncoupling agents
4 important questions on Mitochondrial toxicity and autophagy - Pertubation by xenobiotics - Uncoupling agents
What happens when you uncouple the ETC? (3)
- The energy of the proton gradient can not be transfered to ATP. Therefore it will be transfered into kinetic energy. => heat
- Increased ATP demand
- Increased ETC activity
What does an uncoupling agents do?
- Crosses the outer membrane to inner membrane space (pH 7.4 to pH 7.0).
- Acquires a proton.
- Crosses the inner membrane to matrix (pH 7.0 to 7.8). Loses a proton.
- Moves back to the inter membrane space.
- Dissipates protons in the inner mitochondrial matrix IMM.
What is the ideal uncoupling agent? (3)
- Small
- Lipophilic => it needs to go over the membranes
- Weakly acidic
- Higher grades + faster learning
- Never study anything twice
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
For my 1st exam I got a C. Then, I started looking for ways to learn better and I came across Sailabus. Since then I have scored a A+, A, A- and another A. I highly recommend it to everyone who wants to hear it. I am so happy with it!!
I was struggling to finish all my first-year subjects for 3 years. Then I discovered Sailabus, which helped me to finish all of them within 3 months.
Because of Sailabus, things are going well in many ways. Before, I always had study stress and no time for anything. Now I feel calm and confident (because of the program). I used to score a B, now I usually score an A or A+.
Hey Chris, I really want to thank you very much for developing the platform, I usually got around C for my exams, now I scored an A+, an A and a A- !!
Since using Sailabus, my average has increased significantly. I even completed a statistics course with a A+ while I'm bad at statistics. I took on extra courses this year, because of Sailabus. Thanks so much!
Ever since I started studying with Sailabus I passed all my exams !!! No more re-sits!! At first, I was happy with a pass and now I only get good grades. Many thanks!
I aced all the courses I studied with Sailabus. For law, I first scored a D, and now an A! I’m 100% sure that I’ll pass all the courses I study with Sailabus.
I always thought I studied well. My grades were fine. I could never have imagined that applying these study skills would have such a huge and direct impact on my grades, my speed and the pleasure I have in learning.
For the first time, I finally feel totally confident about the way I learn. I have the perfect overview and make great progress in terms of speed and the grades I get. Thanks, Chris!
I immediately started to enjoy learning again, and my grades soared. All of a sudden, everything went better. I highly recommend Sailabus to all students..
Being able to create my materials online made the process of studying so much smoother and quicker. I no longer have to spend a huge amount of my time on creating my summaries.
At first, my notes were a mess. Now I use Sailabus to take my notes in a perfectly structured way. It helps me to save a lot of time and do other things I enjoy.
Students that study with Sailabus get better grades. The system applies all the learning methods in such a way that both well-performing students and students who struggle perform much better.
Hi Chris, I would like to thank you very much. Last year I scored C on a course, and this year I got an A+ thanks to your method! Thank you very much!
The largest effect is that my child is more enthusiastic about school! Every parent wants their children to be happy at school, Sailabus made it happen.
In high school, I failed several exams, and that has really changed now. I actually needed this tool very much back then. Since I started studying with Sailabus, I haven't had any D's. My average score is now an A and those are results I would have never had in the past
With my old method, I passed only 3 out of 8 courses. Since I started taking my notes digitally in Sailabus, I have passed all my courses on the first try. For me, Sailabus takes away the stress of wondering if I will pass or not.
Thanks to Sailabus, I passed all my exams, and with better grades than before! On top of that, I have mastered a very good study method now, which I am confident will help me earn my degree.
Pentachloropenol (PCP), what is it, what does it do?
- Impregnating wood
- Mechanism: compound enters the cytosol (pH 7.4), moves to IMM (pH 7.0) becomes protonated, uncharged molecule moves to matrix (pH 7.8), where it gets dissociated. Negatively charged chemical is transported back IMM. Cycle repeats.
The question on the page originate from the summary of the following study material:
- A unique study and practice tool
- Never study anything twice again
- Get the grades you hope for
- 100% sure, 100% understanding
