Balance and equilibrium - Equilibrium - Pathways of the balance and equilibrium system
4 important questions on Balance and equilibrium - Equilibrium - Pathways of the balance and equilibrium system
Explain the 4 step pathway involved in the vestibulospinal tract for posture and balance
- Nerves from the ampulas + utricle + saccule → form the vestibular branch of CV VIII
- → CV III ganglion
- → vestibular nucleus (bilateral meaning on both sides). It has 4 regions: lateral, medial, superior and inferior. This is located in the brainstem. The lateral and medial nuclei control descending motor pathways, medial for head and neck to maintain balance and lateral for trunk & limb to maintain posture.
- They travel down to the spine via a tract called the vestibulospinal tract and synapse ipsilaterally on grey horns
Explain the 5 step vestibuloocular reflex pathway that control eyes muscles to keep visual objects in focus while the head is moving
- Step 1: Balance signals travel from the inner ear to the vestibular ganglion.
- Step 2: They travel along the vestibular nerve (part of Cranial Nerve VIII).
- Step 3: They arrive at the vestibular nuclei in the brainstem.
- Step 4: From the medial nuclei fibers ascend through the medial longitudinal fasciculus (MLF), a tract.
- Step 5: They connect to the motor nuclei of Cranial Nerves III, IV, and VI to move your eyes or have when fixed on something when your head moves.
List the 5 step pathway involved in the conscious awareness of vestibular rotations that go up to the thalamus into the vestibular area of the cerebral cortex
- Vestibular ganglion
- Vestibular nerve
- Vestibular nuclei
- VPMN of thalamus
- Vestibular areas of the cerebral cortex
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Name the area of the brain that is responsible for for coordination, and maintaining of posture, muscle tone, and balance subconsciously
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