Tutorial title - Visual pathway
4 important questions on Tutorial title - Visual pathway
List the 9 step visual pathway beginning as light entering the eye to the location of interpretation in the visual cortex
- Light
- photoreceptor
- SN onto bipolar cell
- SN onto ganglion cell
- through ganglion axons which come together and form the optic nerve, exit at the optic disc
- The optic nerves meet at the optic chiasm
- continue as the optic tracts
- These tracts primarily lead to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus, which serves as the predominant synapse and relay station for visual information
- Projection fibers called optic radiations carry the signal to the visual cortex located in the occipital lobe of the cerebral hemispheres for final interpretation
Name the 2 Reflexive visual Pathways which Some visual signals also project into
→ suprachiasmatic nucleus
What is the process of converting light energy into a neural signal within the photoreceptors (rods and cones) of the retina called?
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List the 6 step pathway involved in light transduction reaction
- Inside photoreceptors light is absorbed by 11-cis-retinal within the pigment called Rhodopsin.
- Light changes 11-cis-retinal to 11-all-trans-retinal
- Change triggers g protein “transducin” to activate photodiesterase (PDE)
- PDE breaks down cGMP → GMP
- as [cGMP] decrease , cGMP-gated cation channels of photoreceptors close in response
- reduced influx of NA+ & Ca2+ influx
- No depolarisation of photoreceptor cell therefore cell remain hyperpolarised
- lack of Ca2+ → no IPSPs neurotransmitters are released into the bipolar cells
- bipolar cells are not inhibited from depol
- Depol opens voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in bipolar cells
- a EPSPs neurotransmitters are released into ganglion cell
- Action potentials propagate along the optic nerve
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