Summary: Ise Human Physiology | 9781260597660 | Stuart Ira Fox, et al

Read the summary and the most important questions on ISE Human Physiology | 9781260597660 | Stuart Ira Fox; Krista Rompolski

• 1 Chapter 1 - The Study of Body Function

  This is a preview. There are 24 more flashcards available for chapter 1
  Show more cards here

• What are the importance of homeostasis?

  Maintaining internal balance is crucial for living organisms. Key points include:
  

  • Regulates body temperature for optimal physiological function.
  • Maintains appropriate pH levels essential for enzyme activity.
  • Balances nutrients and waste to prevent toxicity.
  • Supports overall health by adjusting to external changes.
  • Facilitates growth and development by providing a stable internal environment.

  Understanding homeostasis is vital for studying biology and health.

• What is an antagonistic effectors?

  
  
  
  
  Control by antagonistic effectors is sometimes described as “push- pull,” where the increasing activity of one effector is accompanied by decreasing activity of an antagonistic effector. This affords a finer degree of control than could be achieved by simply switching one effector on and off. 

• Homeostasis is maintained by two general categories

  
  
  
  
  intrinsic- or “built into” the organs being regulated (such as molecules produced in the walls of blood vessels that cause vessel dilation or constric- tion) 
  
  
  
  
  
  extrinsic - as in regulation of an organ by the nervous and endocrine systems

• What is excorine glands?

  Exocrine glands are specialized tissues that produce and secrete substances through ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue. They play a critical role in various bodily functions.
  

  • Examples include sweat, salivary, and digestive glands.
  • They secrete substances like enzymes, mucus, and hormones.
  • Unlike endocrine glands, they do not release hormones directly into the bloodstream.

• What are endocrine glands?

  Endocrine glands are specialized organs that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream. These hormones regulate various bodily functions, including:
  

  • Metabolism
  • Growth and development
  • Reproduction
  • Mood and stress response

  Examples include the thyroid, pancreas, and adrenal glands. Their proper functioning is crucial for maintaining homeostasis in the body.

• What is the intracellular compartment?

  The parts inside the cell.

• Which of these statements about homeostasis is true? 

  
  
  
  
  Negative feedback mechanisms act to correct deviations from a normal range within the internal environment. 

• In a negative feedback loop, the effector produces changesthat are 

  
  
  
  
  opposite in direction to the change produced by the initial stimulus. 

• A hormone called parathyroid hormone acts to help raise the blood calcium concentration. According to the principles of negative feedback, an effective stimulus for parathyroid hormone secretion would be 

   
  
  
  
  a fall in blood calcium. 
  
  When the hormone's function is to raise a specific concentration, the stimulus for its secretion must be the opposite conidition

• The act of breathing raises the blood oxygen level,lowers the blood carbon dioxide concentration, and raises the blood pH. According to the principles of negative feedback, sensors that regulate breathing should respond to 

  
  
  
  
  a rise in blood carbon dioxide concentration. 
  
  Breathing is primarily regulated by the concentration of carbon dioxide