Summary: Introduction To Policy

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• 1 Introduction

• 1.2 Policy Cycle

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• What is the function of a policy cycle?

  Many actors are involved in
  

  • Selection and structuring collective problems
  • Design and adoption of alternative solutions (policies)
  • Eventually tackling of the problem by implementing the adopted alternative 

• In which context does the policy cycle take place?

  • Political
  • Economic
  • Social
  • Technological
  • Legal

• What is the central idea of policy analysis?

  Policies are designed, adopted, implemented, evaluated and eventually terminated or followed up by changed policies, in a policy cycle

• 1.3 Governance and Multi-level Approach

• What is decision-making as multi-level governance?

  Decision-making is seen as a process in which supranational, national, regional and local governments work together in dynamic multi-actor networks

• In which 2 parts can multi-level governance be distinguished?

  • Vertical dimensions (high and lower levels of government)
  • Horizontal dimensions (co-operation at the 'same' level)

• What is Multilevel perspective (MLP)?

  An appropriate analysis should include the role of other actors in governance to be able to understand the dynamics of multi-actor network (instead of the government only as in multi-level governance)

• What is the dutch translation of governance

  Bestuur

• What is the dutch translation of government?

  Regering

• What are the 3 levels of policy?

  1. Micro: ideas are invented or nurtured
  2. Meso: the original idea for a new policy should be linked to the outside world
  3. Macro: international policy institutions, international markets, dominant cultural values

• 2 Policy and Science Advising

• 2.1 Introduction

• Why do scientist express their opinion publicly in order to influence society and policy?

  • Fight governmental restrictions regarding science (stem cells, cloning)
  • Obtain funding
  • Influence the agenda
  • Change the viewpoints of policymakers