Summary: Health, Welfare And Management
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1 Lecture 1: Introduction to adaptive capacity
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Why do we focus a lot on transition periods?
Because that's when animals need a lot of resilience -
4 kinds of environmental factors to adapt to
- climate
- housing system
- pathogens
- interactions with other animals and humans -
What does mild challenge do to adaptive capacity?
- successful adaptation
- animal remains healthy and functional -
What does moderate challenge do to adaptive capacity?
- increased physiological/behavioural effort
- performance may decline -
What does severe or prolonged challenge do to adaptive capacity?
- adaptive capacity is exceeded
- maladaptation -> disease, impaired welfare, reduced performance -
Adaptive capacity varies among ...why? (6 factors)
Individuals
e.g. Age, health status, physiological status (eg lactating, growing), earlier experiences, nutrition, social environment -
Where lies the risk of dys-functioning?
When there is a mismatch between adaptive capacity and environment -
Adaptive capacity 'coping resources'
- genetic predisposition
- early life experiences
- current environment -
How do we match challenges and adaptive capacity?
- change the adaptive capacity of an animal by genetics, experience and learning
- facilitate adaptive capacity -
Three ways to change the adaptive capacity of an animal by genetics, experience and learning
- genetic selection
- prenatal effects (via the mother)
- perinatal and early postnatal
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