Summary: Anatomy: Head And Neck

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• 1 Muscles

• 1.1.3 Pretracheal muscles

• What are the pretracheal muscles?

  1. Thyrohyoid: from thyroid cartilage to hyoid apparatus
  2. Sternothyroid: from sternum to thyroid cartilage
  3. Sternohyoid: from sternum to hyoid apparatus

• What is the purpose of the pretracheal muscles?

  To move/stabilize the larynx and control the muscles of the voicebox.

• What are the variants of the pretracheal muscles?

  In horses, the four muscles (2 paired muscles from the sternum) are tightly bound together

• 1.1.4 Superficial groups

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• What are the two insertion sites of the sternocephalicus in horses?

  1. Cephalic part: sternocephalicus, moves head on neck
  2. Mandibular part: sternomandibularis, moves head on neck and whole neck

• 1.1.5 Superficial groups reflected

• What are underneath the superficial muscle groups of the neck?

  1. Serratus ventralis (cervical)
  2. Splenius

• What is the function of the splenius?

  Move and stabilize the head on neck and provide support to the vertebral column

• 1.1.6 Deep group

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• What are the deep muscle groups of the neck?

  1. Longissimus capitis
  2. Longissimus atlantis

• What is the function of the longissimus capitis?

  Laterally move and stabilize the whole neck and the head, it inserts onto the mastoid process

• 1.1.6.1 Stabilizers

• What are the deep stabilizer group of muscles in the neck?

  1. Epaxial: transversospinalis group 
  2. Hypaxial: primarily the longus coli
  - Both of them stabilize parts of the vertebral column

• What is the function of the longus coli?

  Move and stabilize the neck and stabilize parts of the vertebral column. It is right in front of the cervical vertebrae, ventrally.